Question 1

What is artificial intelligence system under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

An artificial intelligence system means a machine-based system designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy, that may exhibit adaptiveness after deployment and that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the inputs it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions. This definition is intentionally broad to cover all current and future AI technologies.

Question 2

What is biometric identification system under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

A biometric identification system is an AI system intended to identify natural persons by comparing their biometric data to those contained in a reference database, without the data subject having necessarily given prior consent. Real-time remote biometric identification in publicly accessible spaces is subject to particularly strict restrictions.

Question 3

What is emotion recognition system under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

An emotion recognition system means an AI system intended to identify or infer the emotions or intentions of natural persons on the basis of their biometric data. The use of such systems in the workplace and in educational institutions is prohibited by the regulation, except for medical or safety purposes.

Question 4

What is biometric categorisation system under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

A biometric categorisation system is an AI system intended to assign natural persons to specific categories such as sex, age, hair colour, eye colour, tattoos, ethnic origin or sexual and political orientation. Categorisation based on biometric data to infer race, political opinions or sexual orientation is prohibited.

Question 5

What is general-purpose ai model (gpai) under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

A general-purpose AI model means an AI model, including where such model is trained with a large amount of data using self-supervision at scale, that displays significant generality and is capable of competently performing a wide range of distinct tasks. Such models can be integrated into a variety of downstream systems or applications.

Question 6

What is gpai model with systemic risk under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

A general-purpose AI model is classified as presenting systemic risk if it has high-impact capabilities, evaluated based on appropriate technical tools and methodologies, or when the cumulative amount of computation used for its training exceeds 10^25 FLOPS. Such models are subject to enhanced obligations regarding evaluation, documentation and cybersecurity.

Question 7

What is general-purpose ai system under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

A general-purpose AI system means an AI system based on a general-purpose AI model, that is capable of serving a variety of purposes, both for direct use and for integration into other AI systems. The provider of such a system must comply with both the obligations relating to the underlying model and those applicable to the AI system itself.

Question 8

What is technical documentation under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Technical documentation constitutes all information that the provider of a high-risk AI system must establish and maintain in accordance with Article 11 and Annex IV of the regulation. It must demonstrate the system's conformity with applicable requirements and provide competent authorities with all information necessary to assess such conformity.

Question 9

What is high-risk ai system under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

A high-risk AI system is a system referred to in Article 6 of the regulation, either because it constitutes a safety component of a product covered by Union harmonisation legislation listed in Annex I, or because it falls within one of the areas listed in Annex III. Such systems are subject to the most comprehensive set of obligations under the regulation.

Question 10

What is limited risk ai system under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Limited risk AI systems are those subject to specific transparency obligations under Article 50 of the regulation, without being classified as high-risk. These include systems that interact directly with natural persons, synthetic content generation systems and emotion detection systems.

Question 11

What is minimal risk ai system under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Minimal risk AI systems are those that do not fall under the high-risk category, prohibited practices or specific transparency obligations. They represent the vast majority of AI systems currently deployed in the Union. The regulation encourages the voluntary adoption of codes of conduct for such systems.

Question 12

What is prohibited ai practices under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Article 5 of the regulation establishes a list of AI practices strictly prohibited due to their nature contrary to Union values. Prohibited practices include social scoring systems, subliminal manipulation, exploitation of vulnerabilities, real-time remote biometric identification in public spaces (with exceptions), and biometric categorisation based on sensitive characteristics.

Question 13

What is provider under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Provider means any natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body that develops or has developed an AI system or general-purpose AI model and places it on the market or puts it into service under their own name or trademark, whether for payment or free of charge. The provider bears the primary responsibility for the system's conformity.

Question 14

What is deployer under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Deployer means any natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body using an AI system under their own authority, except where the system is used in the course of a personal non-professional activity. The deployer is required to follow the provider's instructions for use and ensure adequate human oversight.

Question 15

What is importer under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Importer means any natural or legal person established in the Union that places on the market an AI system bearing the name or trademark of a natural or legal person established in a third country. The importer must verify that the provider has carried out the applicable conformity assessment procedure and that the CE marking has been affixed.

Question 16

What is distributor under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Distributor means any natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the provider or the importer, that makes an AI system available on the Union market. The distributor must verify that the system bears the required CE marking and is accompanied by the necessary documentation and instructions for use.

Question 17

What is authorised representative under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Authorised representative means any natural or legal person established in the Union who has received and accepted a written mandate from a provider of an AI system or general-purpose AI model to act on their behalf for the purposes of discharging the obligations and procedures established by the regulation. The use of an authorised representative is mandatory for providers established outside the Union.

Question 18

What is transparency obligation under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

The transparency obligation requires providers and deployers of AI systems to ensure that natural persons are informed that they are interacting with an AI system, unless this is obvious to a reasonably well-informed person. This obligation also extends to AI-generated content, including deep fakes and synthetic text.

Question 19

What is human oversight under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Human oversight constitutes a fundamental requirement for high-risk AI systems. It requires that such systems be designed and developed in such a way that they can be effectively overseen by natural persons during their period of use. Oversight measures must enable interpretation of results, decision not to use them or interruption of the system.

Question 20

What is data governance under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Data governance refers to all practices and measures that providers of high-risk AI systems must implement regarding training, validation and testing datasets. These measures concern the quality, representativeness, absence of bias and completeness of the data used.

Question 21

What is risk management system under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

The risk management system is a continuous iterative process, planned and executed throughout the lifecycle of a high-risk AI system. It includes identification, analysis, estimation and evaluation of risks, as well as adoption of appropriate risk management measures. This system must be regularly updated.

Question 22

What is ce marking under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

CE marking is a conformity marking affixed to a high-risk AI system indicating that it satisfies the requirements of the regulation. It must be affixed visibly, legibly and indelibly before placing on the market. CE marking is required for all high-risk AI systems placed on the market or put into service in the Union.

Question 23

What is eu declaration of conformity under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

The EU declaration of conformity is a document established by the provider for each high-risk AI system, attesting that it satisfies the requirements of the regulation. It must contain the information referred to in Annex V and be translated into the official language(s) required by the Member State in which the system is placed on the market.

Question 24

What is conformity assessment under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

Conformity assessment is the process by which it is demonstrated that the requirements of the regulation relating to a high-risk AI system have been met. Depending on the area of application, this assessment may be carried out by the provider themselves (self-assessment) or by an independent notified body.

Question 25

What is fundamental rights impact assessment (fria) under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

The fundamental rights impact assessment is an obligation imposed on deployers of high-risk AI systems that are bodies governed by public law or private entities providing public services. This assessment must be carried out before putting into service and must analyse the impact of the system on the fundamental rights of persons concerned.

Question 26

What is ai regulatory sandbox under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

An AI regulatory sandbox is a controlled framework set up by a competent authority that offers providers and prospective providers of AI systems the possibility to develop, train, validate and test their systems in accordance with a specific plan for a limited time under the regulatory supervision of that authority.

Question 27

What is european ai office under the AI Act?

Accepted Answer

The European Artificial Intelligence Office is the body created within the European Commission responsible for overseeing the implementation of the regulation, particularly for general-purpose AI models. It is also responsible for developing guidelines, monitoring codes of practice and coordination with national authorities.

AI Act Glossary

Definitions

Artificial intelligence system

Biometric identification system

Emotion recognition system

Biometric categorisation system

General-purpose AI model (GPAI)

GPAI model with systemic risk

General-purpose AI system

Technical documentation

Risk levels

High-risk AI system

Limited risk AI system

Minimal risk AI system

Prohibited AI practices

Actors

Provider

Deployer

Importer

Distributor

Authorised representative

Obligations

Transparency obligation

Human oversight

Data governance

Risk management system

CE marking

EU declaration of conformity

Conformity assessment

Fundamental rights impact assessment (FRIA)

Governance

AI regulatory sandbox

European AI Office

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